Detergent bar containing fatty ketone



United States Patent 3,350,320 DETERGENT BAR CONTAINING FATTY KETONEGordon Trent Hewitt, Upper Montclair, N.J., assignor toColgate-Palmolive Company, New York, N.Y., a corporation of Delaware N0Drawing. Continuation of application Ser. No.

42,499, July 13, 1960. This application Dec. 9,

1965, Ser. No. 512,787

8 Claims. (Cl. 252-161) This is a continuation of application Ser. No.42,499, filed July 13, 1960, now abandoned.

The present invention relates to detergent bars prepared from syntheticnon-soap sulfated organic detergents which contain a saturated straightchain higher alkyl radical. More particularly, the invention relates tosuch detergent bars which contain a fatty ketone, and to a process forthe preparation thereof.

In accordance with the present invention, a detergent bar consistsessentially of about 50 to 99% of a sodium salt of a sulfated organicdetergent containing a saturated straight chain alkyl radical havingfrom about 12 to 18 carbon atoms, about 0.5 to 10% by weight of a fattyketone selected from the group consisting of stearone and palmitone, andadjuvant fillers as a balance. Also Within the scope of the invention isa process for the preparation of an extruded detergent bar whichcomprises commingling about 50 to 99 parts of solid particulatewater-soluble sulfated organic detergent salt containing a saturatedstraight chain higher alkyl radical having from about 12 to 18 carbonatoms with about 0.5 to 10 parts by weight of a fatty ketone selectedfrom the group consisting of stearone and palmitone, heating the mixtureto a temperature in the range of about 47 to 65 C. and forming ahomogeneous plastic mass thereof, and extruding said plastic mass in theform of a bar.

The sulfated organic detergent salts of the present detergent bars arewell known to the art, examples of preferred embodiments thereof beingsulfated esters of saturated straight chain fatty materials containingfrom 12 to 18 carbon atoms such as the water-soluble salts of higheralkyl sulfates prepared by sulfating higher fatty alcohols includinghigher alkyl terminal sulfates such as sodium lauryl sulfate and sodiumcetyl sulfate, and monosulfated higher saturated fatty monoglyceridessuch as the sodium salt of coconut oil monoglyceride monosulfate and thesodium salt of tallow monoglyceride monosulfate, and mixtures thereof.Other suitable sulfated detergent salts include the water-soluble saltsof monosulfated ethoxylated fatty alcohols such as the sodium salt ofthe monosulfated product of condensation of three moles of ethyleneoxide with the fatty alcohols obtained by reduction of tallow fattyacids. The saturated straight chain higher alkyl radicals of thesulfated detergent may be derived from naturally occurring mixtures offatty materials, or from other natural or synthetic sources, andalthough the cation of the detergent salt normally is sodium in view ofits ready availability and low cost, other compatible water-solublesalts may replace the sodium salt in whole or in part if so desired.

The instant fatty ketones are selected from the group consisting ofstearone (l8-pentatriacontanone) and palmitone (16-hentriacontanone).These ketones normally are used in an amount equal to about .5 to 10% byweight 3,350,320 Patented Oct. 31, 1567 of the final bars, and theaforesaid sulfated detergent salt will normally constitute about 50 to99% thereof the balance of instant detergent bars, i.e., from 0 to 49.5%thereof, being adjuvant filler. In a preferred formulation, the sameproportions of ketone and filler are combined with about 40 to sodiumsalt of a sulfated monoglyceride of a saturated higher fatty acidcontaining from about 12 to 18 carbon atoms and about 10 to 35% of asodium salt of a saturated higher fatty alcohol containing from about 12to 18 carbon atoms.

Suitable adjuvant fillers include a wide variety of organic andinorganic substances including surface active materials such as higherfatty alcohols, e.g., cetyl or hydrogenated tallow alcohol, hydrotropicagents such as sodium toluene sulfonate and sodium xylene sulfonate,inorganic salts including strong electrotytes such as sodium chloride,potassium chloride, sodium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, phosphate saltssuch as trisodium phosphate, tetrasodium pyrophosphate, and pentasodiumtripolyphosphate, starch, lecithin, bentonite, organic sequesteringagents such as tetrasodium ethylene diamine tetracetic acid, germicidesand bactericides such as hexachlorophene, coloring agents, fluorescentdyes, perfumes, lanolin, lanolin alcohols, higher fattyacid-monoalkanolamides and dialkanolamides, such as lauricmonoethanolamide and the diethanolamide of coconut oil fatty acids,fatty acid monoglycerides such as glycerol monococate, glycerol esterssuch as diethylene glycol monostearate, sulfonated detergents asexemplified by higher alkyl benzene sulfonates salts such as sodiumdodecyl benzene sulfonate, acyl N-methyl taurates such as the sodiumsalt of N-oleyl taurate, acyl isethionates such as sodium laurylisethionate, higher n-alkyl primary sulfonates such as primary n-dodecylsulfonate, alpha-sulfonated higher fatty acid salts and lower molecularweight esters of such acids such as sodium alpha-sulfonated stearic acidand the methyl ester thereof respectively, and the like, as well asmixtures thereof. The instant bars are substantially dry, containingless than about 2% moisture.

The presence of the foregoing higher fatty ketone in the instantdetergent bars is highly beneficial in that the ketone plasticizers thedetergent and improves its processing and working characteristics,facilitating milling and extrusion thereof in bar form. It has beenfound that on heating of such detergents in order to achieve a plasticcondition so as to improve their workability, i.e., to facilitatemilling and extrusion into bar form, the presence of the ketonediminishes the stickiness and tackiness of the detergents, while at thesame' time plasticizing them effectively. In addition, the ketone servesto improve the appearance of the finished bar, giving a product which isharder, less sticky or tacky to the touch, waxier in appearance, andmore durable in use than comparable bars from which the ketone isomitted. The ketone has also been found to increase the rate ofsolubility of the instant bars during use thereof, and also to improvethe characteristics of the foam generated on use of these bars, i.e.,texture, volume, and stability.

In order most satisfactorily to commingle the instant ketones, which arehigh melting solids, with the detergent material, it has been foundhighly effective first to dissolve or disperse the ketone in a suitablesolvent to form a fluid mixture which may readily be distributedthroughout the .organic detergent while it is in particulate form priorto extrusion. A preferred such solvent constitutes a molten higher fattyalcohol. Such alcohols have been found to be an excellent solvent forthis purpose and, on their own accord, they contribute certain highlybeneficial attributes to the final detergent bars. A preferred detergentbar composition which may be prepared using such an alcohol solventconsists essentially of about 50 to 99% water soluble sulfated organicdetergent salt containing a saturated straight chain alkyl radicalhaving from about 12 to 18 carbon atoms, about to 15% of higher fattyalcohol containing about 12 to 18 carbon atoms, about 1 to 5% ofstearone, and about 0 to of sodium toluene sulfonate.

The plasticization effected by the instant ketone or ketone-alcoholcombination is such that the instant compositions may be mechanicallyworked, compacted, and shaped at a temperature in the range from about47 to 65 C., milling desirably being carried out at about 47 to 60 C.and plodding or extrusion through a die into bar form and stamping beingcarried out at about 35 to 50 C.

The following examples are given to illustrate additionally the natureof the invention and it will be understood that the invention is notlimited thereto. All pro portions or parts are by weight unlessotherwise specified.

Example I 46.7 parts of the sodium salt of hydrogenated coconut oilmonoglyceride monosulfate (containing 10% sodium sulfate) in the form ofspray dried beads are thoroughly mixed with 33.0 parts of sodium laurylsulfate flakes, 1.8 parts of preservative, pigment and perfume, and 2.5parts of powdered sodium toluene sulfate. 12.0 parts of cetyl alcoholare heated separately to 64 C., and 4.0 parts of stearone are dissolvedtherein. The alcoholstearone mixture is then uniformly dispersedthroughout the mixed detergent material, and the entire mass is milleduntil it is substantially homogeneous. During milling the temperature ofthe milled material rises to about 50 C., at which temperature it formsan easily workable plastic mass. The milled product is formed into a barby extruding it at about 55 C. through a die using a conventional soapplodder. The extruded bar is cut into individual detergent cakes whichare stamped in a soap press before they cool below about 35 C., andthereafter are wrapped.

Example II Detergent bars having the following composition are preparedin accordance with the procedure of Example I:

Ingredients: Parts by weight Sodium salt of monosulfated hydrogenatedcoconut oil monoglyceride (containing 10% so- The detergent bars of thisexample exhibit greatly improved physical properties and characteristicsincluding improved ease of processing and improved lathering ascontrasted to bars prepared from the same composition in which thestearone has been replaced by an additional 3% of cetyl alcohol.

Example Ill 53 parts of spray dried beads of the sodium salt ofmonosulfated hydrogenated coconut oil monoglyceride,

30.0 parts of drum dried chips of sodium lauryl sulfate, and 2.0 partsof preservative and perfume are thoroughly commingled, and then 11.0parts of cetyl alcohol in which there has previously been dissolved 4.0parts of stearone is uniformly dispersed throughout the blend. Thisfinal mixture is milled at about 48 C. until uniform, and is thenextruded in the form of a bar at about 55 C. The bars are stamped in asoap press at 35-40 C. Similar results are obtained if palmitone issubstituted for stearone.

Example IV 67.2 parts of spray dried beads of the sodium salt ofhydrogenated coconut oil monoglyceride monosulfate, 13.0 parts of drumdried chips of sodium lauryl sulfate, 5.0 parts of sodium chloridecrystals and 1.8 parts of preservative, pigments and perfume areintimately blended. The mixture is then milled, and during milling 11.0parts of solid cetyl alcohol and 2.0 parts of solid stearone are milledsuccessively into the mixture, the temperature of the milled materialbeing about 50 C. After milling, the homogeneous material, which is in afreely workable plastic form. is extruded through a plodder at about 55C. and stamped in a soap press at 38 C. to produce an eminentlysatisfactory bar product.

Example V A satisfactory bar may be prepared by processing the followingconstituents in accordance with the procedure of Example I.

Ingredients: Parts by weight Sodium salt of monosulfated monoglycerideof While there has been described that which is at present considered tobe the preferred embodiment of the invention, it will be understood, ofcourse, that many changes, modifications and substitutions may be madetherein without departing from the true scope of the invention asdefined in the appended claims.

What is claimed is:

1. A detergent bar consisting essentially of about 50 to 99% of a sodiumsalt of a sulfated organic detergent containing a saturated straightchain higher alkyl radical having from about 12 to 18 carbon atoms andabout 0.5 to 10% by weight of a fatty ketone selected from the groupconsisting of stearone and palmitone.

2'. A detergent bar set forth in claim 1 wherein said sulfated detergentis a sodium salt of a monosulfated monoglyceride of higher fatty acidscontaining from about 12 to 18 carbon atoms.

3. A detergent bar as set forth in claim 1 wherein said sulfateddetergent is a sodium salt of a sulfated higher fatty alcohol containingfrom about 12 to 18 carbon atoms.

4. A detergent bar as set forth in claim 1 which contains about 5 to 15of a higher fatty alcohol containing about 16 carbon atoms.

5. A detergent bar as set forth in claim 1 which contains a minorproportion, upto about 10% of sodium toluene sulfonate.

6. A detergent bar as set forth in claim 1 which contains a minorproportion of sodium chloride.

7. A detergent bar as set forth in claim 1 which contains about 40 to70% of the sodium salt of a monosulfated monoglyceride of a saturatedhigher fatty acid containing from about 12 to 18 carbon atoms, about 10to 35% of the sodium salt of a sulfated saturated fatty alcoholcontaining from about 12 to 18 carbon atoms, about 5 to 15 of a fattyalcohol containing about 16 carbon atoms, about 1 to 5% stearone, andabout 0 to 10% sodium toluene sulfonate, said percentages being byweight of the composition.

8. A detergent bar as set forth in claim 7 which contains about 45 partsof the sodium salt of hydrogenated coconut oil monoglyceridemonosulfate, about 35 parts of sodium lauryl sulfate, about 2.5 parts ofsodium toluene sulfonate, about 12.5 parts of cetyl alcohol, and about5.0 parts of stearone, said parts being by Weight of the composition.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,653,913 9/1953 Dijck et a1252-161 2,671,810 3/1954 Coffman et al 260593 2,678,921 5/1954 Turck252-161 2,686,204 8/1954 Watson et al 260593 2,781,321 2/1957 Mayhew etal 252161 LEON D. ROSDOL, Primary Examiner.

SAMUEL L. BLECH, Examiner.

I. GLUCK, Assistant Examiner.

1. A DETERGENT BAR CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF ABOUT 50 TO 99% AOF ASODIUM SALT OF A SULFATED ORGANIC DETERGENT CONTAINING A SATURATEDSTRAIGHT CHAIN HIGHER ALKYL RADICAL HAVING FROM ABOUT 12 TO 18 CARBONATOMS AND ABOUT 0.5 TO 10% BY WEIGHT OF A FATTY KETONE SELECTED FROM THEGROUP CONSISTING OF STEARONE AND PALMITONE.